Knowledge, networks and Nations: Global Scientific Collaboration in the 21st century
RS Policy document 03/11, DES2096 March 2011, 114 pp.
ISBN: 978-0-85403-890-9
© The Royal Society, 2011
Download: pdf 6.6 MB
The Royal Society, the national academy of science in the UK, has published a report that some countries led by China, followed by Brazil and India, are becoming major scientific powers and compete with traditional "scientific superpower" USA, Western Europe and Japan.
The report also identifies some nations that traditionally considered on a scientific basis is not solid, like Iran, Tunisia, Turkey, Singapore and Qatar, which likewise emerge quickly. It highlights the growing importance of international collaboration in the implementation and impact of world science and its ability to resolve global challenges as energy security, climate change and biodiversity loss.
China now ranks second in the total number of articles published after global scientific leader for a long time, the United States.
Displaying authoring research papers between the periods 1993-2003 and 2004-2008. The U.S. share has fallen from 26 to 21%. China has moved from sixth to second place, increasing from 4.4 to 10.2%. The United Kingdom remains stable in rank in third place, although it has declined slightly from 7.1 to 6.5%.
In both periods, the U.S. tops the ranking for appointments, with the UK in second place. However, both have reduced their share of citations in 2004-2008 compared with 1999-2003. On the other hand has increased the number of citations of Chinese works, but with less acceleration than the number of papers.
science is increasingly Overall, the research done in more and more places and to a greater extent than before.
The report investigated the global partnership: over 35% of articles published in journals are international collaboration, when just 15 years ago were only 25%. International collaboration increased for several reasons, including, most importantly, the desire to work with the best professionals (who can be found in increasingly diverse locations) and the growing need for collaboration on global issues and developments in communications technologies and cheaper travel.
Beyond the intuitive benefits of international collaboration, the report shows a clear correlation between the number of citations per paper and the number of countries working (to a point of inflection in 10 countries), demonstrating the value of international collaboration in terms of increasing the impact of research.
Finally, the report examines the role of international scientific collaboration to address some of the most pressing global challenges of our time, focusing on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), the Gates Foundation, the International Tokamak Experimental Reactor (ITER) and efforts to deploy technology for carbon capture and storage. We analyze strengths and weaknesses of these models to draw lessons on how to improve international scientific collaboration in future.
Data for the report were prepared and analyzed in collaboration with the scientific publisher Elsevier, using the Scopus database.
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